%0 Journal Article %J Dev Psychol %D 2013 %T The association between parent early adult drug use disorder and later observed parenting practices and child behavior problems: Testing alternate models. %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Hill, Karl G %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Hawkins, J D %A Catalano, Richard F %A McMahon, Robert J %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Child %K Child Behavior Disorders %K Child Rearing %K Family Relations %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Models, Psychological %K Parent-Child Relations %K Parenting %K Personality %K Psychiatric Status Rating Scales %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Young Adult %X

This study tested the association between parent illicit drug use disorder (DUD) in early adulthood and observed parenting practices at ages 27-28 and examined the following 3 theoretically derived models explaining this link: (a) a disrupted parent adult functioning model,(b) a preexisting parent personality factor model, and (c) a disrupted adolescent family process model. Associations between study variables and child externalizing problems also were examined. Longitudinal data linking 2 generations were drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP) and The SSDP Intergenerational Project (TIP), and included 167 parents and their 2- to 8-year-old child. Path modeling revealed that parent DUD in early adulthood predicted later observed low-skilled parenting, which was related to child externalizing problems. The preexisting parent personality factor model was supported. Parent negative emotionality accounted for the association between parent early adult DUD and later parenting practices. Parent negative emotionality also was related directly to child externalizing behavior. Limited support for the disrupted transition to adulthood model was found. The disrupted adolescent family process model was not supported. Results suggest that problem drug use that occurs early in adulthood may affect later parenting skills, independent of subsequent parent drug use. Findings highlight the importance of parent negative emotionality in influencing his or her own problem behavior, interactions with his or her child, and his or her child's problem behavior. Prevention and treatment programs targeting young adult substance use, poor parenting practices, and child behavior problems should address parent personality factors that may contribute to these behaviors.

%B Dev Psychol %V 49 %P 887-99 %8 2013 May %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1037/a0029235 %0 Journal Article %J Drug Alcohol Depend %D 2012 %T The effects of general and alcohol-specific peer factors in adolescence on trajectories of alcohol abuse disorder symptoms from 21 to 33 years. %A Lee, Jungeun O %A Hill, Karl G %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Hartigan, Lacey A %A Hawkins, J D %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Adult %K Alcohol Drinking %K Alcoholism %K Disease Progression %K Female %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Peer Group %K Risk Factors %K Social Behavior %X

BACKGROUND: The present study examines whether general and alcohol-specific peer risk factors from age 10 to 18 are associated with longitudinal patterns of adult alcohol abuse disorder symptoms from age 21 to 33.

METHODS: Using growth mixture modeling, trajectory groups of alcohol abuse disorder symptoms from age 21 to 33 were identified. We then examined the relationships between the identified trajectory groups of alcohol abuse disorder symptoms and respondents' own adolescent binge drinking, a general negative peer factor, and an alcohol-specific peer factor (having drinking peers) in adolescence using pseudo-class Wald Chi-square tests, and multinomial logistic regressions.

RESULTS: Four different trajectory groups of alcohol abuse disorder symptoms were identified: persistor group (3%), decreaser group (23%), escalator group (3%), and a no-disorder group (71%). Bivariate Wald Chi-square tests indicated that adolescent binge drinking behavior and general and alcohol-specific peer factors differentiated the adult alcohol abuse trajectory groups. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression showed that the general negative peer factors distinguished those who later persisted in alcohol abuse from those who desisted (i.e., persistor group vs. decreaser group) during young adulthood, even after adjusting for respondents' adolescent binge drinking. On the other hand, associating with drinking peers did not distinguish these trajectories.

CONCLUSION: Alcohol-specific peer influences appear to influence alcohol abuse disorder symptoms in the early 20s, while general negative peer exposure in adolescence increases in importance as a risk factor for alcohol abuse disorder symptom persistence in the late 20s and the early 30s.

%B Drug Alcohol Depend %V 121 %P 213-9 %8 2012 Mar 1 %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.08.028 %0 Journal Article %J J Stud Alcohol Drugs %D 2012 %T Examining explanatory mechanisms of the effects of early alcohol use on young adult alcohol dependence. %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Hill, Karl G %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Lee, Jungeun O %A Hartigan, Lacey A %A Hawkins, J D %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Adolescent Development %K Age Factors %K Age of Onset %K Alcohol Drinking %K Alcoholism %K Child %K Female %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVE: This study examined potential explanatory mechanisms linking childhood alcohol use onset and chronicity of adult alcohol dependence by testing the following three competing hypotheses: (1) a marker hypothesis, where early onset of alcohol use may be simply a marker for other factors that have been linked to both age at initiation and adult alcohol problems; (2) a compromised development hypothesis, where early alcohol initiation may interfere with adolescent development, which can lead to later alcohol problems; and (3) an increased substance use hypothesis, where early onset of alcohol use may lead to increased substance use in adolescence and, in turn, chronic alcohol dependence.

METHOD: Data came from a longitudinal community sample of 808 participants recruited at age 10 in 1985. Participants were followed through age 33 in 2008 with 92% retention.

RESULTS: Childhood onset of alcohol use (before age 11), when compared with initiation during adolescence, predicted an increased chronicity of adult alcohol dependence, even after accounting for the hypothesized confounds from the marker hypothesis. In addition, adolescent compromised functioning did not mediate this relationship between early alcohol use and chronicity of adult dependence (Hypothesis 2), nor did adolescent substance use (Hypothesis 3). However, compromised functioning and substance use in adolescence predicted increased chronicity of alcohol dependence in young adulthood.

CONCLUSIONS: Prevention efforts as early as the elementary grades should focus on delaying the onset of alcohol use and reducing substance use in adolescence as well as improving school functioning, reducing adolescent problem behaviors, and targeting adolescent peer networks.

%B J Stud Alcohol Drugs %V 73 %P 379-90 %8 2012 May %G eng %N 3 %0 Journal Article %J J Stud Alcohol Drugs %D 2011 %T Sensitive periods for adolescent alcohol use initiation: Predicting the lifetime occurrence and chronicity of alcohol problems in adulthood. %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Hill, Karl G %A Lee, Jungeun O %A Hawkins, J D %A Woods, M L %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Age Factors %K Age of Onset %K Alcohol Drinking %K Alcohol-Related Disorders %K Alcoholism %K Child %K Ethanol %K Female %K Forecasting %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Risk %K Social Environment %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Time Factors %X

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the association between age at alcohol use onset and adult alcohol misuse and dependence by testing the sensitive-period hypothesis that early adolescence (11-14) is a vulnerable period of development during which initiating alcohol use is particularly harmful.

METHOD: Data came from a longitudinal panel of 808 participants recruited in 1981. Participants were followed through age 33 in 2008 with 92% retention.

RESULTS: Onset of alcohol use before age 11 (late childhood), when compared with initiation during early adolescence, was related to an increased chronicity of adult alcohol dependence, even after accounting for sociodemographic controls and other substance use in adolescence. The present study finds no evidence that early adolescence is a particularly sensitive period for the onset of alcohol use. Findings related to the onset of regular alcohol use and the chronicity of alcohol dependence suggest that the onset of regular drinking before age 21 is problematic, but no one adolescent period is more sensitive than others. Specifically, although all age groups that started drinking regularly before age 21 had a greater rate of alcohol dependence in adulthood, initiation of regular use of alcohol at or before age 14 was not related to greater chronicity of alcohol dependence than the initiation of regular use of alcohol in middle or late adolescence.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest the importance of delaying the onset of alcohol use through prevention efforts as early as the elementary grades. In addition, prevention efforts should focus on preventing the onset of regular drinking before age 21.

%B J Stud Alcohol Drugs %V 72 %P 221-31 %8 2011 Mar %G eng %N 2