%0 Journal Article %J Arch Sex Behav %D 2014 %T Sexually explicit online media and sexual risk among men who have sex with men in the United States. %A Nelson, Kimberly M %A Simoni, Jane M %A Morrison, Diane M %A George, William H %A Leickly, Emily %A Lengua, Liliana J %A Hawes, Stephen E %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Cross-Sectional Studies %K Erotica %K HIV Infections %K Homosexuality, Male %K Humans %K Internet %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Risk-Taking %K Socioeconomic Factors %K United States %K Unsafe Sex %K Young Adult %X

This study aimed to describe sexually explicit online media (SEOM) consumption among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States and examine associations between exposure to unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in SEOM and engagement in both UAI and serodiscordant UAI. MSM in the U.S. who accessed a men-seeking-men website in the past year (N = 1,170) were recruited online for a cross-sectional, Internet-based survey of sexual risk and SEOM consumption. In the 3 months prior to interview, more than half (57 %) of the men reported viewing SEOM one or more times per day and almost half (45 %) reported that at least half of the SEOM they viewed portrayed UAI. Compared to participants who reported that 0-24 % of the SEOM they viewed showed UAI, participants who reported that 25-49, 50-74, or 75-100 % of the SEOM they viewed portrayed UAI had progressively increasing odds of engaging in UAI and serodiscordant UAI in the past 3 months. As SEOM has become more ubiquitous and accessible, research should examine causal relations between SEOM consumption and sexual risk-taking among MSM as well as ways to use SEOM for HIV prevention.

%B Arch Sex Behav %V 43 %P 833-43 %8 2014 May %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1007/s10508-013-0238-2 %0 Journal Article %J J Stud Alcohol Drugs %D 2013 %T Patterns of alcohol use and expectancies predict sexual risk taking among non-problem drinking women. %A Stappenbeck, Cynthia A %A Norris, Jeanette %A Kiekel, Preston A %A Morrison, Diane M %A George, William H %A Davis, Kelly Cue %A Zawacki, Tina %A Jacques-Tiura, Angela J %A Abdallah, Devon Alisa %K Adult %K Alcohol Drinking %K Data Collection %K Female %K Humans %K Risk-Taking %K Sexual Behavior %K Sexual Partners %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVE: Although alcohol consumption and sexual risk taking are associated, not everyone who drinks alcohol engages in risky sexual behavior. The purposes of the present study were to identify patterns of alcohol use behaviors and alcohol expectancies among women who are non-problem drinkers and to examine how these patterns are associated with indices of sexual risk.

METHOD: Data from 758 non-problem drinking women who have sex with men and were not in committed relationships were analyzed using latent profile analysis to determine patterns of alcohol use and alcohol-related expectancies.

RESULTS: Of the four patterns observed, three classes had similar alcohol-related expectancies but differed with respect to drinking behavior (moderate drinking, regular heavy episodes, and frequent heavy episodes), and the fourth class consisted of moderate drinkers with low expectancies (low expectancies). Results revealed that those in the frequent heavy episodes class had the greatest number of sexual partners in the past year and drank the most alcohol before having sex compared with the other women. Both the regular and frequent heavy episodes classes reported greater likelihood of having unprotected sex in the future, more positive beliefs about casual sex, and greater subjective intoxication before having sex than women in the moderate drinking or low expectancies classes. Women in the low expectancies class reported less positive beliefs about condoms than those in the moderate drinking and regular heavy episodes classes.

CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that different patterns of expectancies and drinking behaviors are associated with different indices of sexual risk taking and highlight the importance of individually tailored programs for prevention of sexually transmitted infections.

%B J Stud Alcohol Drugs %V 74 %P 223-32 %8 2013 Mar %G eng %N 2 %0 Journal Article %J J Sex Res %D 2013 %T Sexual scripts among young heterosexually active men and women: continuity and change. %A Masters, N Tatiana %A Casey, Erin %A Wells, Elizabeth A %A Morrison, Diane M %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Female %K Heterosexuality %K Humans %K Interpersonal Relations %K Male %K Sexual Behavior %K Young Adult %X

Whereas gendered sexual scripts are hegemonic at the cultural level, research suggests they may be less so at dyadic and individual levels. Understanding "disjunctures" between sexual scripts at different levels holds promise for illuminating mechanisms through which sexual scripts can change. Through interviews with 44 heterosexually active men and women aged 18 to 25, the ways young people grappled with culture-level scripts for sexuality and relationships were delineated. Findings suggest that, although most participants' culture-level gender scripts for behavior in sexual relationships were congruent with descriptions of traditional masculine and feminine sexuality, there was heterogeneity in how or whether these scripts were incorporated into individual relationships. Specifically, three styles of working with sexual scripts were found: conforming, in which personal gender scripts for sexual behavior overlapped with traditional scripts; exception-finding, in which interviewees accepted culture-level gender scripts as a reality, but created exceptions to gender rules for themselves; and transforming, in which participants either attempted to remake culture-level gender scripts or interpreted their own nontraditional styles as equally normative. Changing sexual scripts can potentially contribute to decreased gender inequity in the sexual realm and to increased opportunities for sexual satisfaction, safety, and well-being, particularly for women, but for men as well.

%B J Sex Res %V 50 %P 409-20 %8 2013 %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1080/00224499.2012.661102 %0 Journal Article %J Exp Clin Psychopharmacol %D 2011 %T The effects of acute alcohol intoxication, partner risk level, and general intention to have unprotected sex on women's sexual decision making with a new partner. %A Purdie, Michele Parkhill %A Norris, Jeanette %A Davis, Kelly Cue %A Zawacki, Tina %A Morrison, Diane M %A George, William H %A Kiekel, Preston A %K Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome %K Adult %K Alcohol Drinking %K Alcoholic Intoxication %K Alcoholism %K Breath Tests %K Central Nervous System Depressants %K Cognition %K Computers %K Condoms %K Decision Making %K Dose-Response Relationship, Drug %K Ethanol %K Female %K HIV Infections %K Humans %K Intention %K Models, Psychological %K Risk %K Risk-Taking %K Sexual Behavior %K Sexual Partners %K Software %K Unsafe Sex %K Young Adult %X

Women account for a quarter of all new HIV/AIDS cases, with approximately 65% having contracted the infection via heterosexual contact. Few experimental studies have examined interactions among background, partner, and situational characteristics in predicting women's sexual decisions. The Cognitive Mediation Model provides a useful theoretical framework for assessing likelihood of unprotected sex. Female social drinkers (n = 230) who had answered questions related to their general intention to have unprotected sex were randomly assigned to an experimental condition based on partner risk level (unknown, low, high) and beverage (control, placebo, low dose, high dose). Participants projected themselves into a story depicting a sexual situation with a man and answered questions about their cognitive appraisals, assertive condom request, and likelihood of unprotected sex. Alcohol effects on appraisal of sexual potential differed by partner risk condition. In the unknown and low risk conditions, placebo and alcohol participants appraised the situation as having greater sexual potential than controls whereas in the high risk condition, only those who consumed alcohol did so. Sexual potential appraisals in turn predicted impelling cognitions about having sex, which in turn predicted assertive condom request and unprotected sex intentions. General intention for unprotected sex independently predicted cognitive appraisals and outcomes. These findings highlight the need for prevention programs that focus on teaching women how to pay attention and consider sexual risk cues presented by potential partners, particularly when under the influence of alcohol.

%B Exp Clin Psychopharmacol %V 19 %P 378-88 %8 2011 Oct %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1037/a0024792 %0 Journal Article %J J Am Coll Health %D 2010 %T College women's sexual decision making: cognitive mediation of alcohol expectancy effects. %A Davis, Kelly Cue %A Norris, Jeanette %A Hessler, Danielle M %A Zawacki, Tina %A Morrison, Diane M %A George, William H %K Adolescent %K Alcohol Drinking %K Cognition %K Condoms %K Decision Making %K Female %K Health Behavior %K Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice %K Humans %K Models, Psychological %K Multivariate Analysis %K Psychological Tests %K Psychometrics %K Risk Assessment %K Risk-Taking %K Sexual Behavior %K Statistics as Topic %K Unsafe Sex %K Washington %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVE: Alcohol has been linked to a variety of risky sexual practices, including inconsistent condom use. Due to the high rates of alcohol consumption among underage college women, greater understanding of the role of alcohol in young women's sexual decision making is warranted.

PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Female underage (18- to 20-year-old) social drinkers (N = 94) participated in an experiment in which they projected themselves into a written hypothetical sexual situation with a new partner. One half of the situations portrayed alcohol consumption; one half did not involve alcohol consumption. Their appraisals of the situation's sexual potential, impelling and inhibiting cognitions, and sexual behavior intentions were assessed.

RESULTS: Results revealed that alcohol's expectancy effects on young women's unprotected sexual intentions were mediated by their cognitive appraisals of the situation.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that alcohol expectancies and their influence on women's sexual decisions should be incorporated into sexual risk reduction efforts.

%B J Am Coll Health %V 58 %P 481-9 %8 2010 Mar-Apr %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1080/07448481003599112 %0 Journal Article %J J Sex Res %D 2010 %T Comparison of daily and retrospective reports of vaginal sex in heterosexual men and women. %A Gillmore, Mary Rogers %A Leigh, Barbara C %A Hoppe, Marilyn J %A Morrison, Diane M %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Coitus %K Data Collection %K Female %K Heterosexuality %K Humans %K Interviews as Topic %K Male %K Medical Records %K Mental Recall %K Reproducibility of Results %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Truth Disclosure %K Vagina %K Young Adult %X

This study examined the agreement between daily and retrospective reports of vaginal sex over a two-month period in a sample of 376 heterosexually active men and women. We also examined whether gender, age, or method of daily data collection (self-administered vs. interviewer administered) were related to agreement between daily and retrospective reports. Both counts and categorical measures of frequency of the behaviors were examined. There were no gender, age, or data collection method effects. When measured as a count, participants reported more instances of vaginal intercourse in the retrospective reports than on the daily reports. In contrast, comparison of retrospective categorical measures of frequency to daily reports showed considerable variability. Possible reasons for the over-reporting of counts of vaginal sex in retrospective reports are explored.

%B J Sex Res %V 47 %P 279-84 %8 2010 Jul %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1080/00224490903050584