%0 Journal Article %J American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children (APSAC) Advisor %D 2023 %T Income, ethnicity, and equality: Assessing racial disparities in foster care using a self-sufficiency range %A Koren Hanson %A Caouette, Justin %A Haggerty, Kevin %A Skinner, Martie %A Barkan, Susan %A Davis, Adam %A Sparkle, Bethany %A Packard, W B %B American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children (APSAC) Advisor %V 35 %P 32-49 %G eng %U http://apsaclibrary.org/publications_all.php# %N 3 %0 Journal Article %J International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health %D 2022 %T The importance of family and school protective factors in preventing the risk behaviors of youth %A Mihić, Josipa %A Skinner, Martie %A Novak, Miranda %A Ferić, Martina %A Kranželić, Valentina %B International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health %V 19 %P 1630 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health %D 2020 %T Identifying and predicting criminal career profiles from adolescence to age 39 %A Kim, B K E %A Gilman, Amanda B. %A Tan, Kevin P. %A Kosterman, Rick %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Hawkins, J D %B Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health %V 30 %P 210-220 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Adolescent Health %D 2020 %T Initiation age, cumulative prevalence, and longitudinal patterns of handgun carrying among rural adolescents: A multistate study %A Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Skinner, Martie L. %B Journal of Adolescent Health %7 1-29-20 %V 66 %P 416-422 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Psychology of Addictive Behaviors %D 2020 %T Intergenerational associations in onset of cannabis use during adolescence: A data synthesis approach %A Tiberio, Stacey S. %A Kerr, David C. R. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Henry, Kimberly L. %A Capaldi, Deborah M. %B Psychology of Addictive Behaviors %V 34 %P 877-899 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Psychology of Addictive Behaviors %D 2020 %T An intergenerational investigation of the associations between parental marijuana use trajectories and child functioning %A Epstein, Marina %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Furlong, Madeline %A Steeger, Christine M. %A Hill, Karl G. %B Psychology of Addictive Behaviors %V 48 %P 830-838 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications %D 2020 %T Investigating the efficacy of a self-directed parenting intervention to reduce risky behaviors among college students: Study protocol for a multi-arm hybrid type 2 randomized control trial %A Cooper, Brittany %A Hill, Laura G. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Skinner, Martie %A Bumpus, Matthew F. %A Borah, Porismita %A Casey-Goldstein, Mary %A Catalano, Richard %B Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications %V 19 %P 100627 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2019 %T The interplay between marijuana-specific risk factors and marijuana use over the course of adolescence %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A White, Helene R. %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Hawkins, J D %B Prevention Science %V 20 %P 235-245 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J American Journal of Preventive Medicine %D 2018 %T Implementing the Communities That Care prevention system: Challenges, solutions, and opportunities in an urban setting %A Brady, Sonya S. %A Parker, Capetra J. %A Jeffries, Elijah F. %A Simpson, Tina Y. %A Brooke-Weiss, Blair L. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %B American Journal of Preventive Medicine %V 55 %P S70-S81 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Child & Family Social Work %D 2018 %T Incorporating self-determination into substance abuse prevention programming for youth transitioning from foster care to adulthood %A Salazar, Amy M. %A Noell, Bailey %A Cole, Janice J. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Roe, Stephanie %B Child & Family Social Work %V 23 %P 281-288 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Domestic Violence Report %D 2018 %T IPV and the intergenerational transmission of violence %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Rousson, Ashley N. %B Domestic Violence Report %V 23 %P 49, 57-60 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2017 %T Influence of early onset of alcohol use on the development of adolescent alcohol problems: A longitudinal bi-national study %A Kim, Min J %A Mason, W. A %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Toumbourou, John W. %A Hemphill, Sheryl A. %B Prevention Science %V 18 %P 1-11 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research %D 2016 %T Impacts of changing marijuana policies on alcohol and other drug use in the United States %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Lee, Christine %A Kilmer, Jason R. %A Fleming, Charles B. %A Rhew, Isaac C. %A Kosterman, Rick %A Larimer, Mary E. %B Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research %V 40 %P 33-46 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Substance Use & Misuse %D 2016 %T An initial evaluation of web-based overdose education %A Roe, Stephanie %A Banta-Green, Caleb J. %B Substance Use & Misuse %V 51 %P 268-275 %G eng %! Subst Use Misuse %0 Journal Article %J Child Youth Serv Rev %D 2014 %T In search of connection: The foster youth and caregiver relationship. %A Storer, Heather L %A Barkan, Susan E %A Stenhouse, Linnea L %A Eichenlaub, Caroline %A Mallillin, Anastasia %A Haggerty, Kevin P %X

Placement instability is an ongoing challenge for the 125,000 foster youth aged 14 - 18 that are living in foster care, with youth living in approximately 3 placements before aging out of the system. Despite the importance caring adult relationships can play in promoting positive youth development and resiliency, there has been limited inquiry into the characteristics of the foster youth and caregiver relationship. The goal of this paper is to provide a descriptive account of the foster youth and caregiver relationship, and explore what qualities and experiences foster youth desire from their caregivers. Qualitative data were gathered from 9 focus groups. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis approaches. Foster youth, caregivers, and child welfare staff described relationships lacking in formative bonds and connection, where youth didn't "fit in", and chaotic homes marked by reactivity and judgment. Characteristics of supportive foster homes include a sense of belonging, structure, guidance, and consistency. This research underscores the important role positive relationships can play in foster youth's feelings of well-being and points to the need for foster parent training to include tangible strategies to develop stronger bonds.

%B Child Youth Serv Rev %V 42 %P 110-117 %8 2014 Jul %G ENG %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26052173?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.04.008 %0 Journal Article %J J Consult Clin Psychol %D 2013 %T The immigrant paradox among Asian American women: are disparities in the burden of depression and anxiety paradoxical or explicable? %A Lau, Anna S %A Tsai, William %A Shih, Josephine %A Liu, Lisa L %A Hwang, Wei-Chin %A Takeuchi, David T %K Age Factors %K Anxiety Disorders %K Asian Americans %K Cost of Illness %K Depressive Disorder %K Emigrants and Immigrants %K Female %K Health Status Disparities %K Humans %K Middle Aged %K Risk Factors %K Social Class %K Stress, Psychological %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated potential explanations for advantaged mental health status among immigrant Asian American women compared to U.S.-born Asian American women.

METHOD: In a nationally representative sample of 1,030 women (185 U.S.-born, 368 early-life immigrants [arrived before 25 years of age], 477 late-life immigrants), we examined the hypothesis that increased exposure to social risk factors mediate nativity-based differences in lifetime prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders. Indicators of social class were also examined as protective factors enjoyed by U.S.-born women that may suppress observed nativity-based disparities. We also examined whether there were group differences in reactivity to stress in predicting disorder.

RESULTS: U.S.-born women were twice as likely as late-life immigrants to report lifetime history of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 2.03, 95% CI [1.35, 4.54]) and anxiety (OR = 2.12, 95% CI [1.34, 5.19]). Nativity differences in perceived discrimination, family conflict, and cultural conflict explained disparities in rates of disorder. There was no support for the contention that immigrant women were more psychologically hardy or resilient to social stress.

CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that the gap in mental health status between U.S.- and foreign-born Asian American women would indeed be magnified if differences in social status were accounted for, but also that ready explanations for the so-called immigrant paradox are found in differential levels of reported stress exposure.

%B J Consult Clin Psychol %V 81 %P 901-11 %8 2013 Oct %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1037/a0032105 %0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc Health %D 2013 %T The impact of a middle school program to reduce aggression, victimization, and sexual violence. %A Espelage, Dorothy L %A Low, Sabina %A Polanin, Joshua R %A Brown, Eric C %K Adolescent %K Aggression %K Anger %K Bullying %K Child %K Crime Victims %K Female %K Humans %K Internal-External Control %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Midwestern United States %K Peer Group %K Problem Solving %K Program Evaluation %K School Health Services %K Sex Offenses %K Substance-Related Disorders %X

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of the Second Step: Student Success Through Prevention (SS-SSTP) Middle School Program on reducing youth violence including peer aggression, peer victimization, homophobic name calling, and sexual violence perpetration and victimization among middle school sixth-grade students.

METHODS: The study design was a nested cohort (sixth graders) longitudinal study. We randomly assigned 18 matched pairs of 36 middle schools to the SS-SSTP or control condition. Teachers implemented 15 weekly lessons of the sixth-grade curriculum that focused on social emotional learning skills, including empathy, communication, bully prevention, and problem-solving skills. All sixth graders (n = 3,616) in intervention and control conditions completed self-report measures assessing verbal/relational bullying, physical aggression, homophobic name calling, and sexual violence victimization and perpetration before and after the implementation of the sixth-grade curriculum.

RESULTS: Multilevel analyses revealed significant intervention effects with regard to physical aggression. The adjusted odds ratio indicated that the intervention effect was substantial; individuals in intervention schools were 42% less likely to self-report physical aggression than students in control schools. We found no significant intervention effects for verbal/relational bully perpetration, peer victimization, homophobic teasing, and sexual violence.

CONCLUSIONS: Within a 1-year period, we noted significant reductions in self-reported physical aggression in the intervention schools. Results suggest that SS-SSTP holds promise as an efficacious prevention program to reduce physical aggression in adolescent youth.

%B J Adolesc Health %V 53 %P 180-6 %8 2013 Aug %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.02.021 %0 Journal Article %J Health Educ Res %D 2013 %T The impact of school alcohol policy on student drinking. %A Evans-Whipp, Tracy J %A Plenty, Stephanie M %A Catalano, Richard F %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Toumbourou, John W %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Alcohol Drinking %K Binge Drinking %K Cross-Cultural Comparison %K Female %K Guideline Adherence %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Organizational Policy %K Risk Reduction Behavior %K Schools %K Self Report %K Social Class %K Students %K Victoria %K Washington %X

Although it is common for secondary schools to implement alcohol policies to reduce alcohol misuse, there has been little evaluation of the efficacy of these policies. The purpose of this study was to test the impact of the degree and type of alcohol policy enforcement in state representative samples of secondary students in Washington State, USA, and Victoria, Australia (n = 1848). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the prospective association between student reports of school alcohol policy in Grade 8 and self-reported alcohol use in Grade 9, controlling for age, gender, state, family socio-economic status and Grade 8 alcohol use. The likelihood of students drinking on school grounds was increased when students perceived lax policy enforcement. Student perceptions of harm minimization alcohol messages, abstinence alcohol messages and counselling for alcohol policy violators predicted reduced likelihood of binge drinking. Students perceiving harm minimization messages and counselling for alcohol policy violators had a reduced likelihood of experiencing alcohol-related harms. Perceptions of harsh penalties were unrelated to drinking behaviour. These results suggest that perceived policy enforcement may lessen drinking at school 1 year later and that harm minimization messages and counselling approaches may also lessen harmful drinking behaviours as harm minimization advocates suggest.

%B Health Educ Res %V 28 %P 651-62 %8 2013 Aug %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1093/her/cyt068 %0 Journal Article %J Field methods %D 2013 %T Implementing Self-collection of Biological Specimens With a Diverse Sample. %A Fernandes, April %A Skinner, Martie L %A Woelfel, Tiffany %A Carpenter, Thomas %A Haggerty, Kevin P %X

Collecting saliva is the most noninvasive way to detect changing levels of cortisol (Adam & Kumari, 2009; Soo-Quee Koh & Choon-Huat Koh, 2007), a stress hormone of interest to behavioral and health scientists, where there are benefits from multiple samples taken over a period of days. Various self-collection strategies have been employed, ranging from treated cards to cotton swabs and passive drool methods. The current study investigates the effectiveness of a variety of reminder techniques in encouraging adherence with procedures requiring 4 samples per day on 3 separate days of passive drool collection among African American and European American young adults. The findings suggest that direct texts were associated with the greatest level of adherence, while phone reminders were most effective when controlling for total number of contacts. Results indicate that both traditional and novel reminder methods can positively influence adherence, even with challenging populations.

%B Field methods %V 25 %8 2013 Feb 1 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1177/1525822X12453526 %0 Journal Article %J Qual Health Res %D 2013 %T The importance of optimism in maintaining healthy aging in rural Alaska. %A Lewis, Jordan P %K Aged %K Aged, 80 and over %K Aging %K Alaska %K Culture %K Educational Status %K Emotions %K Female %K Health Status %K Humans %K Indians, North American %K Interpersonal Relations %K Interviews as Topic %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Qualitative Research %K Rural Population %K Spirituality %X

Many Alaska Native Elders attended government-run boarding schools as children, were forbidden to speak their native language, and were forced to abandon their traditional subsistence lifestyle, yet they maintained an optimistic outlook on life and continued to age well. The Explanatory Model Interview Protocol was adapted to interview a purposive sample of Alaska Native Elders (n = 26) and grounded theory was used to develop a model of successful aging for Alaska Native Elders in Bristol Bay, Alaska. The theme of optimism was significant in the findings and was also found in each of the elements of successful aging, which were spirituality, emotional well-being, community engagement, and physical health. These four elements served as the foundation of the Model of Successful Aging. The Elders believed they were able to age successfully because they continued to be optimistic despite the challenges they faced (and are currently facing) in their communities.

%B Qual Health Res %V 23 %P 1521-7 %8 2013 Nov %G eng %N 11 %R 10.1177/1049732313508013 %0 Journal Article %J Implement Sci %D 2013 %T Improving practice in community-based settings: a randomized trial of supervision - study protocol. %A Dorsey, Shannon %A Pullmann, Michael D %A Deblinger, Esther %A Berliner, Lucy %A Kerns, Suzanne E %A Thompson, Kelly %A Unützer, Jürgen %A Weisz, John R %A Garland, Ann F %K Adolescent %K Child %K Cognitive Therapy %K Community Mental Health Centers %K Community Mental Health Services %K Evidence-Based Medicine %K Humans %K Interprofessional Relations %K Mental Disorders %K Treatment Outcome %K Washington %X

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based treatments for child mental health problems are not consistently available in public mental health settings. Expanding availability requires workforce training. However, research has demonstrated that training alone is not sufficient for changing provider behavior, suggesting that ongoing intervention-specific supervision or consultation is required. Supervision is notably under-investigated, particularly as provided in public mental health. The degree to which supervision in this setting includes 'gold standard' supervision elements from efficacy trials (e.g., session review, model fidelity, outcome monitoring, skill-building) is unknown. The current federally-funded investigation leverages the Washington State Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Initiative to describe usual supervision practices and test the impact of systematic implementation of gold standard supervision strategies on treatment fidelity and clinical outcomes.

METHODS/DESIGN: The study has two phases. We will conduct an initial descriptive study (Phase I) of supervision practices within public mental health in Washington State followed by a randomized controlled trial of gold standard supervision strategies (Phase II), with randomization at the clinician level (i.e., supervisors provide both conditions). Study participants will be 35 supervisors and 130 clinicians in community mental health centers. We will enroll one child per clinician in Phase I (N = 130) and three children per clinician in Phase II (N = 390). We use a multi-level mixed within- and between-subjects longitudinal design. Audio recordings of supervision and therapy sessions will be collected and coded throughout both phases. Child outcome data will be collected at the beginning of treatment and at three and six months into treatment.

DISCUSSION: This study will provide insight into how supervisors can optimally support clinicians delivering evidence-based treatments. Phase I will provide descriptive information, currently unavailable in the literature, about commonly used supervision strategies in community mental health. The Phase II randomized controlled trial of gold standard supervision strategies is, to our knowledge, the first experimental study of gold standard supervision strategies in community mental health and will yield needed information about how to leverage supervision to improve clinician fidelity and client outcomes.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01800266.

%B Implement Sci %V 8 %P 89 %8 2013 %G eng %R 10.1186/1748-5908-8-89 %0 Journal Article %J J Consult Clin Psychol %D 2013 %T Indicated prevention for college student marijuana use: a randomized controlled trial. %A Lee, Christine M %A Kilmer, Jason R %A Neighbors, Clayton %A Atkins, David C %A Zheng, Cheng %A Walker, Denise D %A Larimer, Mary E %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Feedback, Psychological %K Female %K Follow-Up Studies %K Humans %K Male %K Marijuana Smoking %K Motivation %K Psychotherapy, Brief %K Students %K Treatment Outcome %K Universities %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVE: Marijuana is the most frequently reported illicit substance used on college campuses. Despite the prevalence, few published intervention studies have focused specifically on addressing high-risk marijuana use on college campuses. The present study evaluated the efficacy of an in-person brief motivational enhancement intervention for reducing marijuana use and related consequences among frequently using college students.

METHOD: Participants included 212 college students from 2 campuses who reported frequent marijuana use (i.e., using marijuana at least 5 times in the past month). Participants completed Web-based screening and baseline assessments and upon completion of the baseline survey were randomized to either an in-person brief intervention or an assessment control group. Follow-up assessments were completed approximately 3 and 6 months post-baseline. Marijuana use was measured by number of days used in the past 30 days, typical number of joints used in a typical week in the last 60 days, and marijuana-related consequences.

RESULTS: Results indicated significant intervention effects on number of joints smoked in a typical week and a trend toward fewer marijuana-related consequences compared with the control group at 3-month follow-up.

CONCLUSION: This study provides preliminary data on short-term effects of a focused marijuana intervention for college students at reducing marijuana use during the academic quarter.

%B J Consult Clin Psychol %V 81 %P 702-9 %8 2013 Aug %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1037/a0033285 %0 Journal Article %J Arch Sex Behav %D 2013 %T Influences of situational factors and alcohol expectancies on sexual desire and arousal among heavy-episodic drinking women: acute alcohol intoxication and condom availability. %A Gilmore, Amanda K %A George, William H %A Nguyen, Hong V %A Heiman, Julia R %A Davis, Kelly Cue %A Norris, Jeanette %K Adult %K Alcoholic Intoxication %K Arousal %K Binge Drinking %K Condoms %K Decision Making %K Ethanol %K Female %K Humans %K Libido %K Sexual Behavior %K Social Environment %K Unsafe Sex %X

Although studies suggest that alcohol increases women's sexual desire, no studies to our knowledge have examined the effects of acute alcohol intoxication on women's sexual desire. The majority of research examining alcohol's effects on sexual arousal in women suggests that alcohol increases self-reported arousal. In an alcohol administration study in which women projected themselves into an eroticized scenario depicting a consensual sexual encounter with a new male partner, we examined the effects of alcohol and condom condition on women's sexual desire and arousal. The moderating effects of sex-related alcohol expectancies were also examined. Results revealed that alcohol intoxication was related to less desire to engage in sex with a new partner and condom presence was related to more desire. Alcohol interacted with sexual disinhibition alcohol expectancies, indicating that more expectancy endorsement was associated with greater sexual desire and self-reported arousal in the alcohol condition, but not the control condition. Condom condition had no effect on self-reported sexual arousal. The present research suggests that sexual desire merits research attention in non-clinical samples, and experimental methodology can provide valuable information about alcohol's influence on women's sexual desire, thus advancing our understanding of this relationship beyond cross-sectional correlations. The current findings also provide evidence that sex-related alcohol expectancies may play an important role in alcohol-involved sexual experiences including desire and arousal.

%B Arch Sex Behav %V 42 %P 949-59 %8 2013 Aug %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1007/s10508-013-0109-x %0 Journal Article %J Am J Psychiatr Rehabil %D 2013 %T Intersection of Stress, Social Disadvantage, and Life Course Processes: Reframing Trauma and Mental Health. %A Nurius, Paula S %A Uehara, Edwina %A Zatzick, Douglas F %X

This paper describes the intersection of converging lines of research on the social structural, psychosocial, and physiological factors involved in the production of stress and implications for the field of mental health. Of particular interest are the stress sensitization consequences stemming from exposure to adversity over the life course. Contemporary stress sensitization theory provides important clinical utility in articulating mechanisms through which these multiple levels exert influence on mental health. Stress sensitization models (a) extend understanding of neurobiological and functional contexts within which extreme stressors operate and (b) make clear how these can influence psychologically traumatic outcomes. The value of interventions that are sensitive to current contexts as well as life course profiles of cumulative stress are illustrated through recent treatment innovations.

%B Am J Psychiatr Rehabil %V 16 %P 91-114 %8 2013 Apr %G ENG %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25729337?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1080/15487768.2013.789688 %0 Journal Article %J Depress Anxiety %D 2012 %T Impact of childhood trauma on the outcomes of a perinatal depression trial. %A Grote, Nancy K %A Spieker, Susan J %A Lohr, Mary Jane %A Geibel, Sharon L %A Swartz, Holly A %A Frank, Ellen %A Houck, Patricia R %A Katon, Wayne %K Adult %K Adult Survivors of Child Abuse %K Depressive Disorder %K Female %K Humans %K Poverty %K Pregnancy %K Pregnancy Complications %K Psychotherapy, Brief %K Risk Factors %K Treatment Outcome %X

BACKGROUND: Childhood abuse and neglect have been linked with increased risks of adverse mental health outcomes in adulthood and may moderate or predict response to depression treatment. In a small randomized controlled trial treating depression in a diverse sample of nontreatment-seeking, pregnant, low-income women, we hypothesized that childhood trauma exposure would moderate changes in symptoms and functioning over time for women assigned to usual care (UC), but not to brief interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-B) followed by maintenance IPT. Second, we predicted that trauma exposure would be negatively associated with treatment response over time and at the two follow-up time points for women within UC, but not for those within IPT-B who were expected to show remission in depression severity and other outcomes, regardless of trauma exposure.

METHODS: Fifty-three pregnant low-income women were randomly assigned to IPT-B (n = 25) or UC (n = 28). Inclusion criteria included ≥ 18 years, >12 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, 10-32 weeks gestation, English speaking, and access to a phone. Participants were evaluated for childhood trauma, depressive symptoms/diagnoses, anxiety symptoms, social functioning, and interpersonal problems.

RESULTS: Regression and mixed effects repeated measures analyses revealed that trauma exposure did not moderate changes in symptoms and functioning over time for women in UC versus IPT-B. Analyses of covariance showed that within the IPT-B group, women with more versus less trauma exposure had greater depression severity and poorer outcomes at 3-month postbaseline. At 6-month postpartum, they had outcomes indicating remission in depression and functioning, but also had more residual depressive symptoms than those with less trauma exposure.

CONCLUSIONS: Childhood trauma did not predict poorer outcomes in the IPT-B group at 6-month postpartum, as it did at 3-month postbaseline, suggesting that IPT including maintenance sessions is a reasonable approach to treating depression in this population. Since women with more trauma exposure had more residual depressive symptoms at 6-month postpartum, they might require longer maintenance treatment to prevent depressive relapse.

%B Depress Anxiety %V 29 %P 563-73 %8 2012 Jul %G eng %N 7 %R 10.1002/da.21929 %0 Journal Article %J Health Educ Behav %D 2012 %T The impact of school suspension on student tobacco use: a longitudinal study in Victoria, Australia, and Washington State, United States. %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Heerde, Jessica A %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Toumbourou, John W %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Continental Population Groups %K Family %K Female %K Health Behavior %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Peer Group %K Risk Factors %K Schools %K Sex Factors %K Smoking %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Victoria %K Washington %X

CONTEXT: School suspension may have unintended consequences in contributing to problem behaviors, including dropping out from school, substance use, and antisocial behavior. Tobacco use is an early-onset problem behavior, but prospective studies of the effects of suspension on tobacco use are lacking.

METHOD: Longitudinal school-based survey of students drawn as a two-stage cluster sample, administered in 2002 and 2003, in Washington State, United States, and Victoria, Australia. The study uses statewide representative samples of students in Grades 7 and 9 (N = 3,599).

RESULTS: Rates of tobacco use were higher for Victorian than Washington State students. School suspension remained a predictor of current tobacco use at 12-month follow-up, after controlling for established risk factors including prior tobacco and other drug use for Grade 7 but not Grade 9 students.

CONCLUSIONS: School suspension is associated with early adolescent tobacco use, itself an established predictor of adverse outcomes in young people. Findings suggest the need to explore process mechanisms and alternatives to school suspensions as a response to challenging student behavior in early adolescence.

%B Health Educ Behav %V 39 %P 45-56 %8 2012 Feb %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1177/1090198111406724 %0 Journal Article %J J Altern Complement Med %D 2012 %T Implementation and acceptability of Mindful Awareness in Body-oriented Therapy in women's substance use disorder treatment. %A Price, Cynthia J %A Wells, Elizabeth A %A Donovan, Dennis M %A Brooks, Marissa %K Adaptation, Psychological %K Adult %K Attitude of Health Personnel %K Awareness %K Emotions %K Female %K Health Care Surveys %K Hospitalization %K Humans %K Middle Aged %K Mind-Body Therapies %K Patient Acceptance of Health Care %K Patient Dropouts %K Patient Satisfaction %K Patient Selection %K Stress, Psychological %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation and acceptability of Mindful Awareness in Body-oriented Therapy (MABT), a novel adjunctive approach to substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. The primary aims of the study were to examine implementation of MABT as an adjunct to addiction treatment, and MABT acceptability to study participants and treatment staff.

METHODS: MABT was delivered to participants randomly assigned to the intervention in a larger ongoing trial. This study focuses only on the implementation and acceptability of the intervention, as outcomes are not yet available. MABT was delivered once weekly for 8 weeks (1.5-hour sessions) and spanned inpatient and outpatient programs at a women-only treatment facility. Descriptive statistics were used to examine participant recruitment and retention to the intervention. To measure MABT acceptability, survey and written questionnaires were administered; analysis involved descriptive statistics and content analysis using Atlas.ti software.

RESULTS: Thirty-one (31) of the women enrolled in the study were randomized to MABT. Eighteen (18) participants completed 75%-100% of the MABT sessions. Intervention implementation required flexibility on the part of both the researchers and the clinic staff, and minor changes were made to successfully implement MABT as an adjunct to usual care. MABT was perceived to increase emotional awareness and provide new tools to cope with stress, and to positively influence SUD treatment by facilitating emotion regulation.

CONCLUSIONS: It was feasible to implement MABT and to recruit and retain women to MABT in women's chemical-dependency treatment. MABT acceptability and perceived benefit was high.

%B J Altern Complement Med %V 18 %P 454-62 %8 2012 May %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1089/acm.2011.0126 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Public Health %D 2012 %T Income inequality in health at all ages: a comparison of the United States and England. %A Martinson, Melissa L %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Aged %K Aged, 80 and over %K Body Mass Index %K Child %K Child, Preschool %K Continental Population Groups %K England %K Female %K Health Status %K Health Status Disparities %K Humans %K Income %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Nutrition Surveys %K Risk Factors %K Sex Factors %K United States %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVES: I systematically examined income gradients in health in the United States and England across the life span (ages birth to 80 years), separately for females and males, for a number of health conditions.

METHODS: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the United States (n = 36 360) and the Health Survey for England (n = 55 783), I calculated weighted prevalence rates and risk ratios by income level for the following health risk factors or conditions: obesity, hypertension, diabetes, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high cholesterol ratio, heart attack or angina, stroke, and asthma.

RESULTS: In the United States and England, the income gradients in health are very similar across age, gender, and numerous health conditions, and are robust to adjustments for race/ethnicity, health behaviors, body mass index, and health insurance.

CONCLUSIONS: Health disparities by income are pervasive in England as well as in the United States, despite better overall health, universal health insurance, and more generous social protection spending in England.

%B Am J Public Health %V 102 %P 2049-56 %8 2012 Nov %G eng %N 11 %R 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300929 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse %D 2012 %T Indian boarding school experience, substance use, and mental health among urban two-spirit American Indian/Alaska natives. %A Evans-Campbell, Teresa %A Walters, Karina L %A Pearson, Cynthia R %A Campbell, Christopher D %K Acculturation %K Adult %K Alaska %K Alcohol-Related Disorders %K Anxiety Disorders %K Cross-Sectional Studies %K Female %K Health Surveys %K Humans %K Indians, North American %K Inuits %K Male %K Mental Disorders %K Middle Aged %K Schools %K Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Suicidal Ideation %K Suicide, Attempted %K United States %K Urban Population %X

BACKGROUND: Systematic efforts of assimilation removed many Native children from their tribal communities and placed in non-Indian-run residential schools.

OBJECTIVES: To explore substance use and mental health concerns among a community-based sample of 447 urban two-spirit American Indian/Alaska Native adults who had attended boarding school as children and/or who were raised by someone who attended boarding school.

METHOD: Eighty-two respondents who had attended Indian boarding school as children were compared to respondents with no history of boarding school with respect to mental health and substance use.

RESULTS: Former boarding school attendees reported higher rates of current illicit drug use and living with alcohol use disorder, and were significantly more likely to have attempted suicide and experienced suicidal thoughts in their lifetime compared to non-attendees. About 39% of the sample had been raised by someone who attended boarding school. People raised by boarding school attendees were significantly more likely to have a general anxiety disorder, experience posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and have suicidal thoughts in their lifetime compared to others.

%B Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse %V 38 %P 421-7 %8 2012 Sep %G eng %N 5 %R 10.3109/00952990.2012.701358 %0 Journal Article %J Soc Sci Med %D 2012 %T The influence of stress and social support on depressive symptoms in mothers with young children. %A Manuel, Jennifer I %A Martinson, Melissa L %A Bledsoe-Mansori, Sarah E %A Bellamy, Jennifer L %K Child, Preschool %K Depression %K Female %K Follow-Up Studies %K Humans %K Infant %K Mothers %K Poverty %K Risk Factors %K Social Support %K Stress, Psychological %K United States %K Urban Health %X

Limited research has examined the associations of stress, social support, and depression among mothers with young children over time. Longitudinal studies are needed to identify risk and protective factors for maternal depression given that depression can be cyclical and may affect women through the early years of their children's development. This study examined the relationships among stress, social support, and depressive symptoms in a national sample of low-income urban American women with young children. A secondary data analysis of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a national longitudinal panel study of nearly 5000 births across 20 cities with populations of 200,000 or more in the United States, was conducted. The analytic sample included all mothers (N = 3675) who completed assessments at baseline through year 5 of the study between 1998 and 2005. Multivariate models using generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the probability of being depressed as a function of stress-related risk factors, social support factors, and sociodemographic variables. The rate of depression each year ranged from 15% to 21%. The results suggest that stress related to economic hardship, parenting, and poor physical health increases the risk of depression among low-income urban mothers with young children. Instrumental and partner support were found to be potential protective factors in reducing the negative effects of stress, but only to a certain degree. Future efforts are needed to strengthen social support and mitigate chronic stressors that contribute to mental health problems in low-income communities.

%B Soc Sci Med %V 75 %P 2013-20 %8 2012 Dec %G eng %N 11 %R 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.07.034 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Orthopsychiatry %D 2012 %T Institutional predictors of developmental outcomes among racially diverse foster care alumni. %A Garcia, Antonio R %A Pecora, Peter J %A Harachi, Tracy %A Aisenberg, Eugene %K Adult %K African Americans %K Consumer Behavior %K Educational Status %K Employment %K Ethnic Groups %K European Continental Ancestry Group %K Female %K Foster Home Care %K Hispanic Americans %K Humans %K Logistic Models %K Male %K Mental Disorders %X

Child welfare practitioners are confronted with the responsibility of relying on best practice to ensure children in foster care transition successfully into adulthood after leaving the foster care system. Yet, despite recent reforms and efforts to address their needs, research clearly shows that foster care alumni are still more likely to experience negative developmental outcomes compared to adults in the general population. The purpose of this study was to better understand how child-serving systems of care adequately prepare racially diverse foster care alumni to thrive. Controlling for gender, age, placement instability, and circumstances of exit from foster care, study findings highlighted salient racial and ethnic differences relative to which factors predicted the odds of mental health, education, and employment outcomes. Implications for developing and implementing culturally sensitive, evidence-based prevention and intervention programs to promote positive developmental outcomes among racially diverse foster care alumni are discussed.

%B Am J Orthopsychiatry %V 82 %P 573-84 %8 2012 Oct %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01181.x %0 Journal Article %J AIDS Behav %D 2012 %T Investigating partner abuse among HIV-positive men who have sex with men. %A Pantalone, David W %A Schneider, Karen L %A Valentine, Sarah E %A Simoni, Jane M %K Adult %K Cross-Sectional Studies %K Depression %K HIV Seropositivity %K Homosexuality, Male %K Humans %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Prevalence %K Quality of Life %K Risk-Taking %K Sexual Behavior %K Spouse Abuse %X

High rates of partner abuse (PA) of all types-physical, sexual, and psychological-have been identified in studies of HIV-positive individuals. We examined both the prevalence and correlates of same-sex PA in HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). Participants recruited from public outpatient HIV clinics (N = 168) completed CASI surveys about PA and current physical and mental health. Electronic medical record data were obtained for HIV biomarkers. Results indicate high rates of past year PA (physical, 19%; sexual, 17%; psychological, 51%; any, 54%), with rates comparable to, or higher than, those reported in recent studies of HIV-positive women and older studies of HIV-positive MSM. Overall, participants endorsing past year PA reported poorer mental but not physical health. Participants who endorsed past year physical PA, specifically, reported the largest number of mental health problems. HIV care providers should routinely assess PA, especially physical PA, in all MSM patients.

%B AIDS Behav %V 16 %P 1031-43 %8 2012 May %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1007/s10461-011-0011-2 %0 Journal Article %J J Immigr Minor Health %D 2011 %T Immigration, acculturation and chronic back and neck problems among Latino-Americans. %A Bui, Quynh %A Doescher, Mark %A Takeuchi, David %A Taylor, Vicky %K Acculturation %K Adult %K Age Factors %K Back Pain %K Chronic Disease %K Female %K Health Behavior %K Hispanic Americans %K Humans %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Neck Pain %K Sex Factors %K Socioeconomic Factors %X

Higher acculturation is associated with increased obesity and depression among Latino-Americans, but not much is known about how acculturation is related to their prevalence of back and neck problems. This study examines whether acculturation is associated with the 12-month prevalence of self-reported chronic back or neck problems among US-born and immigrant Latinos. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis of data from 2,553 noninstitutionalized Latino adults from the 2002-2003 National Latino and Asian American Survey (NLAAS). After adjusting for demographic, physical and mental health indicators, English proficiency, nativity and higher generational status were all significantly positively associated with the report of chronic back or neck problems. Among immigrants, the proportion of lifetime in the US was not significantly associated. Our findings suggest that the report of chronic back or neck problems is higher among more acculturated Latino-Americans independent of health status, obesity, and the presence of depression.

%B J Immigr Minor Health %V 13 %P 194-201 %8 2011 Apr %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1007/s10903-010-9371-3 %0 Journal Article %J Addict Behav %D 2011 %T The influence of client behavior during motivational interviewing on marijuana treatment outcome. %A Walker, Denise %A Stephens, Robert %A Rowland, Jared %A Roffman, Roger %K Adult %K Behavior, Addictive %K Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders %K Female %K Follow-Up Studies %K Humans %K Interview, Psychological %K Male %K Marijuana Abuse %K Motivation %K Patient Acceptance of Health Care %K Psychotherapy %K Treatment Outcome %X

Psychotherapy process research continues to be important in identifying within session client and therapist behaviors related to outcome. Motivational Interviewing (MI) assumes that the type of client language elicited within session is important. Client behavior was coded from 61 MI sessions with marijuana dependent adults. Sessions were coded for client language using the Client Language and Commitment Scale. Client statements indicating desire and reasons for change were significantly predictive of marijuana treatment outcome through the 34-month follow-up above and beyond baseline levels of marijuana use or motivation for change. Commitment language was not associated with outcomes. These findings suggest specific types of client language statements predict marijuana treatment outcome and are durable to a 34-month follow-up.

%B Addict Behav %V 36 %P 669-73 %8 2011 Jun %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.01.009 %0 Journal Article %J J Stud Alcohol Drugs %D 2011 %T Influence of family factors and supervised alcohol use on adolescent alcohol use and harms: similarities between youth in different alcohol policy contexts. %A McMorris, Barbara J %A Catalano, Richard F %A Kim, Min J %A Toumbourou, John W %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Age Factors %K Alcohol Drinking %K Family Characteristics %K Female %K Harm Reduction %K Health Policy %K Humans %K Male %K Parent-Child Relations %K Parenting %K Risk Factors %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Victoria %K Washington %X

OBJECTIVE: Harm-minimization policies suggest that alcohol use is a part of normal adolescent development and that parents should supervise their children's use to encourage responsible drinking. Zero-tolerance policies suggest that all underage alcohol use should be discouraged. This article compared hypotheses derived from harm-minimization and zero-tolerance policies regarding the influence of family context and supervised drinking on adolescent alcohol use and related harms among adolescents in Washington State, USA, and Victoria, Australia, two states that have respectively adopted zero-tolerance and harm-minimization policies.

METHOD: Representative samples of seventh-grade students (N = 1,945; 989 females) were recruited from schools in each state. Students completed comprehensive questionnaires on alcohol use, related problem behaviors, and risk and protective factors annually from 2002 to 2004 when they were in ninth grade.

RESULTS: Relationships between family context and alcohol use and harmful use were very similar in both states. Adult-supervised settings for alcohol use were associated with higher levels of harmful alcohol consequences. Adult-supervised alcohol use mediated the links between favorable parental attitudes to alcohol use and ninth-grade alcohol use for students in both states.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite policy differences in the two states, relationships between family context variables and alcohol use and harmful use are remarkably similar. Adult-supervised settings for alcohol use resulted in higher levels of harmful alcohol consequences, contrary to predictions derived from harm-minimization policy. Findings challenge the harm-minimization position that supervised alcohol use or early-age alcohol use will reduce the development of adolescent alcohol problems.

%B J Stud Alcohol Drugs %V 72 %P 418-28 %8 2011 May %G eng %N 3 %0 Journal Article %J Drug Alcohol Depend %D 2011 %T An initial trial of a computerized behavioral intervention for cannabis use disorder. %A Budney, Alan J %A Fearer, Stephanie %A Walker, Denise D %A Stanger, Catherine %A Thostenson, Jeff %A Grabinski, Michael %A Bickel, Warren K %K Adult %K Cognitive Therapy %K Computer-Assisted Instruction %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Marijuana Abuse %K Motivation %K Young Adult %X

The most potent outcomes for cannabis use disorders have been observed with a combination of three evidence-based interventions, motivational enhancement therapy (MET), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and abstinence-based contingency-management (CM). Access to this intervention remains limited because of cost and service availability issues. This report describes the initial stages of a project designed to develop and test a computer-assisted version of MET/CBT/CM that could address many of the current barriers to its dissemination. A nonrandomized, 12-week comparison study assigned 38 adults seeking treatment for a cannabis use disorder to either therapist-delivered (n=22) or computer-delivered (n=16) MET/CBT/CM. Attendance, retention, and cannabis use outcomes did not differ significantly between groups, and there were no indications of superior outcomes favoring therapist delivery. Participants provided positive ratings of the computer-delivered sessions. These preliminary findings suggest that computer-assisted delivery of MET/CBT/CM is acceptable to outpatients and does not adversely impact compliance or outcomes achieved during treatment with MET/CBT/CM for cannabis use disorders. Assessment of post-treatment outcomes and replication in randomized trials are needed to determine reliability and longer term effects. As observed in a growing number of studies, computerized therapies have the potential to increase access to, reduce costs, and enhance fidelity of providing evidence-based treatments without sacrificing and possibly enhancing effectiveness.

%B Drug Alcohol Depend %V 115 %P 74-9 %8 2011 May 1 %G eng %N 1-2 %R 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.10.014 %0 Journal Article %J J Interpers Violence %D 2011 %T Intimate partner survivors' help-seeking and protection efforts: a person-oriented analysis. %A Nurius, Paula S %A Macy, Rebecca J %A Nwabuzor, Ijeoma %A Holt, Victoria L %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Aged %K Analysis of Variance %K Battered Women %K Cohort Studies %K Depression %K Female %K Humans %K Interpersonal Relations %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Patient Acceptance of Health Care %K Sexual Partners %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Spouse Abuse %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Survivors %K Washington %K Young Adult %X

Domestic violence advocates and researchers advocate for a survivor-centered approach for assisting women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV), with individualized safety plans and services; yet little empirical work has been done to determine IPV survivors' specific combinations of vulnerabilities and assets that might inform such an approach. Using latent profile analysis of a cohort of 448 survivors, five distinct subgroups were previously identified in terms of biopsychosocial asset and vulnerability profiles. The purpose of the current study was to apply person-oriented methodology for survivor-centered investigation of differences in help-seeking and protective actions according to subgroup membership within this cohort. Though not differing demographically, the subgroups were found to differ significantly and meaningfully in their patterns of IPV help-seeking and protective actions. Thus, reliance on population-aggregate linear relationships between IPV exposure and safety efforts may risk overlooking important variation by vulnerability and asset profile, and knowledge of distinct clusters among functioning profiles may help with understanding of survivors' coping strategies.The authors outline service-need considerations across the subgroups and provide guidance for targeted outreach, locating IPV survivors and matching services to their needs.

%B J Interpers Violence %V 26 %P 539-66 %8 2011 Feb %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1177/0886260510363422 %0 Journal Article %J Ann Behav Med %D 2011 %T 'I've had unsafe sex so many times why bother being safe now?': the role of cognitions in sexual risk among American Indian/Alaska Native men who have sex with men. %A Nelson, Kimberly M %A Simoni, Jane M %A Pearson, Cynthia R %A Walters, Karina L %K Adult %K Alaska %K Attitude to Health %K Cognition %K Condoms %K Cross-Sectional Studies %K HIV Infections %K Homosexuality, Male %K Humans %K Indians, North American %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Multivariate Analysis %K Risk Factors %K Risk-Taking %K Sexual Partners %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Unsafe Sex %K Young Adult %X

BACKGROUND: American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and transmission.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate a potential area of focus for HIV prevention interventions by assessing the impact of sexual risk cognitions on sexual risk-taking among AI/AN MSM.

METHODS: AI/AN MSM (N = 173) from a national cross-sectional survey were analyzed.

RESULTS: Reporting more frequent sexual risk cognitions overall (high sexual risk cognitions) was associated with multiple HIV risk factors including unprotected anal intercourse and serodiscordant unprotected anal intercourse. Participants with high sexual risk cognitions had a 2.3 (95% Confidence Interval: 1.1, 4.7) times greater odds of engaging in unprotected anal intercourse regardless of childhood sexual abuse, depression, and alcohol dependence. Most individual sexual risk cognitions were associated with unprotected anal intercourse, serodiscordant unprotected anal intercourse, or both.

CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that sexual risk cognitions may be a productive area for further work on HIV prevention among AI/AN MSM.

%B Ann Behav Med %V 42 %P 370-80 %8 2011 Dec %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1007/s12160-011-9302-0 %0 Journal Article %J J Youth Adolesc %D 2010 %T Identifying trajectories of adolescents' depressive phenomena: an examination of early risk factors. %A Mazza, James J %A Fleming, Charles B %A Abbott, Robert D %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Antisocial Personality Disorder %K Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity %K Depression %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Parents %K Risk Factors %K Sex Factors %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Stress, Psychological %K Surveys and Questionnaires %X

Few studies have examined risk factors of childhood and early adolescent depressive symptomatology trajectories. This study examined self-report depressive symptomatology across a 6-year time period from 2nd to 8th grade to identify latent groups of individuals with similar patterns of depressive phenomena in a sample of 951 children (440 girls, 511 boys). Analyses, using semiparametric group modeling (SGM), identified 5 trajectory groups for girls and boys: low depressed stables, low depressed risers, mildly depressed stables, moderately depressed changers, and moderately depressed risers. Individual risk factors, with the exception of shy/withdrawn behavior, were significantly different across trajectory group membership for boys and girls, as was low-income status for boys. Boys in the low depressed and mildly depressed stable trajectory groups had significantly higher levels of antisocial behavior, attention problems, and lower social competency compared to girls in similar groups. These results suggest that universal prevention programs implemented in early elementary school that target selected risk factors may be helpful in reducing future adolescent mental health problems, specifically depressive symptomatology.

%B J Youth Adolesc %V 39 %P 579-93 %8 2010 Jun %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1007/s10964-009-9406-z %0 Journal Article %J Int J Environ Res Public Health %D 2010 %T The impact of school tobacco policies on student smoking in Washington State, United States and Victoria, Australia. %A Evans-Whipp, Tracy J %A Bond, Lyndal %A Ukoumunne, Obioha C %A Toumbourou, John W %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Cross-Sectional Studies %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Organizational Policy %K Smoking %K Social Class %K Students %K Tobacco %K Victoria %K Washington %X

This paper measures tobacco policies in statewide representative samples of secondary and mixed schools in Victoria, Australia and Washington, US (N = 3,466 students from 285 schools) and tests their association with student smoking. Results from confounder-adjusted random effects (multi-level) regression models revealed that the odds of student perception of peer smoking on school grounds are decreased in schools that have strict enforcement of policy (odds ratio (OR) = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.82; p = 0.009). There was no clear evidence in this study that a comprehensive smoking ban, harsh penalties, remedial penalties, harm minimization policy or abstinence policy impact on any of the smoking outcomes.

%B Int J Environ Res Public Health %V 7 %P 698-710 %8 2010 Mar %G eng %N 3 %R 10.3390/ijerph7030698 %0 Journal Article %J AIDS Behav %D 2010 %T The impact of trauma-focused group therapy upon HIV sexual risk behaviors in the NIDA Clinical Trials Network "Women and trauma" multi-site study. %A Hien, Denise A %A Campbell, Aimee N C %A Killeen, Therese %A Hu, Mei-Chen %A Hansen, Cheri %A Jiang, Huiping %A Hatch-Maillette, Mary %A Miele, Gloria M %A Cohen, Lisa R %A Gan, Weijin %A Resko, Stella M %A DiBono, Michele %A Wells, Elizabeth A %A Nunes, Edward V %K Adaptation, Psychological %K Adult %K Cognitive Therapy %K Female %K Health Education %K HIV Infections %K Humans %K Risk Reduction Behavior %K Risk-Taking %K Sexual Behavior %K Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Treatment Outcome %K Unsafe Sex %K Wounds and Injuries %X

Women in drug treatment struggle with co-occurring problems, including trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can heighten HIV risk. This study examines the impact of two group therapy interventions on reduction of unprotected sexual occasions (USO) among women with substance use disorders (SUD) and PTSD. Participants were 346 women recruited from and receiving treatment at six community-based drug treatment programs participating in NIDA's Clinical Trials Network. Participants were randomized to receive 12-sessions of either seeking safety (SS), a cognitive behavioral intervention for women with PTSD and SUD, or women's health education (WHE), an attention control psychoeducational group. Participants receiving SS who were at higher sexual risk (i.e., at least 12 USO per month) significantly reduced the number of USO over 12-month follow up compared to WHE. High risk women with co-occurring PTSD and addiction may benefit from treatment addressing coping skills and trauma to reduce HIV risk.

%B AIDS Behav %V 14 %P 421-30 %8 2010 Apr %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1007/s10461-009-9573-7 %0 Journal Article %J J Community Psychol %D 2010 %T Implementation of the Communities That Care prevention system by coalitions in the Community Youth Development Study %A Arthur, Michael W %A Hawkins, J D %A Brown, Eric C %A Briney, John S %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Abbott, Robert D %X

While advances in prevention science over the past 2 decades have produced a growing list of tested and effective programs and policies for preventing adolescent delinquency and drug use, widespread dissemination and high-quality implementation of effective programs and policies in communities has not been achieved. The Community Youth Development Study (CYDS) is a randomized, community-level trial of the Communities That Care (CTC) system for promoting science-based prevention in communities. This paper compares 12 community prevention coalitions implementing the CTC system in 12 intervention communities as part of the CYDS to prevention coalitions located in the 12 control communities. As hypothesized, the CYDS coalitions implemented significantly more of the CTC core intervention elements, and also implemented significantly greater numbers of tested, effective prevention programs than the prevention coalitions in the control communities. Implications of the findings for efforts to achieve widespread dissemination of effective prevention programs, policies, and practices are discussed.

%B J Community Psychol %V 38 %P 245-258 %8 2010 Mar %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1002/jcop.20362 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Gastroenterol %D 2010 %T Inability of the Rome III criteria to distinguish functional constipation from constipation-subtype irritable bowel syndrome. %A Wong, Reuben K %A Palsson, Olafur S %A Turner, Marsha J %A Levy, Rona L %A Feld, Andrew D %A von Korff, Michael %A Whitehead, William E %K Adult %K Aged %K Constipation %K Diagnosis, Differential %K Female %K Humans %K Irritable Bowel Syndrome %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Patient Selection %K Prospective Studies %K Quality of Life %K Statistics, Nonparametric %K Surveys and Questionnaires %X

OBJECTIVES: The Rome III classification system treats functional constipation (FC) and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) as distinct disorders, but this distinction appears artificial, and the same drugs are used to treat both. This study's hypothesis is that FC and IBS-C defined by Rome III are not distinct entities.

METHODS: In all, 1,100 adults with a primary care visit for constipation and 1,700 age- and gender-matched controls from a health maintenance organization completed surveys 12 months apart; 66.2% returned the first questionnaire. Rome III criteria identified 231 with FC and 201 with IBS-C. The second survey was completed by 195 of the FC and 141 of the IBS-C cohorts. Both surveys assessed the severity of constipation and IBS, quality of life (QOL), and psychological distress.

RESULTS: (i) Overlap: if the Rome III requirement that patients meeting criteria for IBS cannot be diagnosed with FC is suspended, 89.5% of IBS-C cases meet criteria for FC and 43.8% of FC patients fulfill criteria for IBS-C. (ii) No qualitative differences between FC and IBS-C: 44.8% of FC patients report abdominal pain, and paradoxically IBS-C patients have more constipation symptoms than FC. (iii) Switching between diagnoses: by 12 months, 1/3 of FC transition to IBS-C and 1/3 of IBS-C change to FC.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients identified by Rome III criteria for FC and IBS-C are not distinct groups. Revisions to the Rome III criteria, possibly including incorporation of physiological tests of transit and pelvic floor function, are needed.

%B Am J Gastroenterol %V 105 %P 2228-34 %8 2010 Oct %G eng %N 10 %R 10.1038/ajg.2010.200 %0 Journal Article %J Exp Clin Psychopharmacol %D 2010 %T The influence of alcohol expectancies and intoxication on men's aggressive unprotected sexual intentions. %A Davis, Kelly Cue %K Aggression %K Ethanol %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Risk-Taking %K Sexual Behavior %X

An experiment tested the pathways through which alcohol expectancies and intoxication influenced men's self-reported sexual aggression intentions during an unprotected sexual encounter. After a questionnaire session, male social drinkers (N = 124) were randomly assigned to either an alcohol condition (target peak BAC = .08%) or a control condition. Upon completion of beverage consumption, participants read a description of a sexual encounter in which the female partner refused to have unprotected sexual intercourse. Participants then rated their emotional state, their intentions to have unprotected sex with the unwilling partner, and their postincident perceptions of the encounter. Structural equation modeling indicated that intoxicated men reported feeling stronger sexual aggression congruent emotions/motivations such as arousal and anger; however, this effect was moderated by alcohol expectancies. Intoxicated participants with stronger alcohol-aggression expectancies reported greater sexual aggression congruent emotions/motivations than did intoxicated participants with weaker alcohol-aggression expectancies. For sober participants, alcohol-aggression expectancies did not influence emotions/motivations. In turn, stronger sexual assault congruent emotions/motivations predicted greater sexual aggression intentions. Men with greater sexual aggression intentions were less likely to label the situation as a sexual assault and reported less concern about their intended actions. These findings underscore the relevance of both alcohol expectancies and alcohol intoxication to sexual aggression perpetration and highlight the importance of including information about alcohol's influence on both emotional and cognitive responses in sexual aggression prevention work.

%B Exp Clin Psychopharmacol %V 18 %P 418-28 %8 2010 Oct %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1037/a0020510