%0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc Health %D 2012 %T Longitudinal predictors of cyber and traditional bullying perpetration in Australian secondary school students. %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Kotevski, Aneta %A Tollit, Michelle %A Smith, Rachel %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Toumbourou, John W %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Aggression %K Australia %K Bullying %K Child %K Crime Victims %K Educational Status %K Family Relations %K Female %K Forecasting %K Humans %K Internet %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Peer Group %K Risk Factors %K Schools %K Students %X

PURPOSE: Cyberbullying perpetration (using communication technology to engage in bullying) is a recent phenomenon that has generated much concern. There are few prospective longitudinal studies of cyberbullying. The current article examines the individual, peer, family, and school risk factors for both cyber and traditional bullying (the latter is bullying that does not use technology) in adolescents.

METHODS: This article draws on a rich data set from the International Youth Development Study, a longitudinal study of students in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States, which began in 2002. In this article, data from almost 700 Victorian students recruited in grade 5 are analyzed to examine grade 7 (aged 12-13 years) predictors of traditional and cyberbullying perpetration in grade 9 (aged 14-15 years).

RESULTS: Fifteen per cent of students engaged in cyberbullying, 21% in traditional bullying, and 7% in both. There are similarities and important differences in the predictors of cyber and traditional bullying. In the fully adjusted model, only prior engagement in relational aggression (a covert form of bullying, such as spreading rumors about another student) predicted cyberbullying perpetration. For traditional bullying, previous relational aggression was also predictive, as was having been a victim and perpetrator of traditional bullying, family conflict, and academic failure.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of evidence-based bullying prevention programs is supported to reduce experiences of all forms of bullying perpetration (cyber, traditional, and relational aggression). In addition, for traditional bullying perpetration, addressing family conflict and student academic support are also important.

%B J Adolesc Health %V 51 %P 59-65 %8 2012 Jul %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.11.019 %0 Journal Article %J Crim Behav Ment Health %D 2011 %T Longitudinal consequences of adolescent bullying perpetration and victimisation: A study of students in Victoria, Australia. %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Kotevski, Aneta %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Bond, Lyndal %A Kim, Min J %A Toumbourou, John W %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Bullying %K Crime Victims %K Humans %K Logistic Models %K Longitudinal Studies %K Peer Group %K Schools %K Social Environment %K Students %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Victoria %X

AIMS: To examine the associations between self-reported bullying perpetration and victimisation in Years 7 and 10 and a range of psychosocial outcomes in Year 11.

METHOD: This analysis draws on data from the International Youth Development Study, a longitudinal study of 5769 students from Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States who were recruited through schools in Years 5, 7 and 9 in 2002. Data for the current results are taken from participants in the youngest (Year 5) Victorian cohort of the study.

RESULTS: Rates of bullying victimisation exceeded 30% and up to one in five students had engaged in bullying. Adjusted logistic regression analyses revealed that bullying perpetration, and bullying victimisation in Year 7 did not significantly predict psychosocial outcomes in Year 11. Bullying perpetration in Year 10 was associated with an increased likelihood of theft, violent behaviour and binge drinking. Year 10 bullying victimisation was associated with an increased likelihood of Year 11 depressive symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS: Prevention approaches that target bullying perpetration and victimisation are necessary. Programmes that lessen bullying may also have an impact on other proximally related behaviours, including binge drinking and depression.

%B Crim Behav Ment Health %V 21 %P 107-16 %8 2011 Apr %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1002/cbm.802 %0 Journal Article %J J Interpers Violence %D 2011 %T Longitudinal study on the effects of child abuse and children's exposure to domestic violence, parent-child attachments, and antisocial behavior in adolescence. %A Sousa, Cindy %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Moylan, Carrie A %A Tajima, Emiko A %A Klika, J B %A Herrenkohl, Roy C %A Russo, M J %K Adaptation, Psychological %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Aggression %K Antisocial Personality Disorder %K Child %K Child Abuse %K Domestic Violence %K Humans %K Interpersonal Relations %K Juvenile Delinquency %K Longitudinal Studies %K Object Attachment %K Parent-Child Relations %K Social Conformity %X

This study examined the unique and combined effects of child abuse and children's exposure to domestic violence on later attachment to parents and antisocial behavior during adolescence. Analyses also investigated whether the interaction of exposure and low attachment predicted youth outcomes. Findings suggest that, although youth dually exposed to abuse and domestic violence were less attached to parents in adolescence than those who were not exposed, for those who were abused only and those who were exposed only to domestic violence, the relationship between exposure types and youth outcomes did not differ by level of attachment to parents. However, stronger bonds of attachment to parents in adolescence did appear to predict a lower risk of antisocial behavior independent of exposure status. Preventing child abuse and children's exposure to domestic violence could lessen the risk of antisocial behavior during adolescence, as could strengthening parent-child attachments in adolescence. However, strengthening attachments between parents and children after exposure may not be sufficient to counter the negative impact of earlier violence trauma in children.

%B J Interpers Violence %V 26 %P 111-36 %8 2011 Jan %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1177/0886260510362883