%0 Journal Article %J Addict Behav %D 2016 %T Motives for marijuana use among heavy-using high school students: An analysis of structure and utility of the Comprehensive Marijuana Motives Questionnaire. %A Blevins, Claire E %A Banes, Kelsey E %A Stephens, Robert S %A Walker, Denise D %A Roffman, Roger A %X

Motives for marijuana use are important predictors of problematic outcomes associated with marijuana use. Most measures, to date, were developed by adapting alcohol motives measures. However, the Comprehensive Marijuana Motives Questionnaire (CMMQ) was created using a bottom-up approach to evaluate twelve distinct motives for use. The CMMQ was developed and validated in a normative college population. As such, no known study has evaluated the factor structure and utility of the CMMQ in a heavy-using, high school student population. The current study utilized a sample of 252 heavy marijuana-using high school students recruited for a combination motivational enhancement/cognitive behavioral intervention. Results from baseline measures indicated that the factor structure of the CMMQ was maintained in this population. Results from multiple regression analyses revealed distinct relationships with measures of negative consequences of use, including indices of marijuana use, marijuana-related problems, self-efficacy, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. In particular, the Coping motive was associated with several negative outcomes, which is consistent with previous marijuana and alcohol motives literature. Results suggest that the CMMQ may be useful in assessing marijuana motives among heavy marijuana-using adolescents.

%B Addict Behav %V 57 %P 42-7 %8 2016 Jun %G eng %R 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.02.005 %0 Journal Article %J J Subst Abuse Treat %D 2015 %T Maintenance Check-ups Following Treatment for Cannabis Dependence. %A Walker, Denise D %A Stephens, Robert S %A Towe, Sheri %A Banes, Kelsey %A Roffman, Roger %K Adult %K Cognitive Therapy %K Continuity of Patient Care %K Female %K Follow-Up Studies %K Humans %K Male %K Marijuana Abuse %K Middle Aged %K Motivational Interviewing %K Random Allocation %K Treatment Outcome %X

Substance use disorders, including cannabis use disorders and associated negative consequences, are best considered chronic and in need of continuing care. In contrast, most treatment efficacy studies evaluate a fixed number of intervention sessions at a single point in time. The present study evaluated the efficacy of posttreatment maintenance check-ups (MCUs) in maintaining and improving outcomes following nine sessions of motivational enhancement treatment/cognitive behavioral treatment (MET/CBT). Adults dependent on cannabis (n=74) were randomly assigned to the MCU or a no check-up (NCU) condition and followed up at 3- and 9-months. MCU sessions occurred 1 and 4months following the completion of the base treatment. Additional MET/CBT sessions were available to participants throughout the follow-up period. The MCUs specifically encouraged treatment re-entry for those showing ongoing signs of disorder. Participants in the MCU condition reported significantly greater abstinent rates at both follow-ups and were using on fewer days at the 3-month but not the 9-month follow-up. Contrary to hypotheses, MCU participants did not attend more additional treatment and differences in rates of cannabis use emerged prior to the first MCU session. Future research with longer follow-up periods and longer monitoring of outcomes is needed to fully evaluate the utility of MCUs or other forms of continuing care.

%B J Subst Abuse Treat %V 56 %P 11-5 %8 2015 Sep %G eng %R 10.1016/j.jsat.2015.03.006 %0 Journal Article %J Psychol Addict Behav %D 2011 %T Motives for cannabis use in high-risk adolescent users. %A Fox, Courtney L %A Towe, Sheri L %A Stephens, Robert S %A Walker, Denise D %A Roffman, Roger A %K Adaptation, Psychological %K Adolescent %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Marijuana Abuse %K Marijuana Smoking %K Motivation %K Risk Factors %X

The present investigation examined the relationships between motives for cannabis use and negative consequences associated with cannabis use following a brief intervention. The sample consisted of 205 adolescent cannabis users (66.3% male), who were recruited in high schools and randomly assigned to a brief two-session motivational enhancement therapy (MET) or an educational feedback control (EFC). Results supported the hypothesis that using cannabis to cope with negative affect would predict the number of problems and dependence symptoms related to cannabis use, after controlling for age, gender, years and frequency of cannabis use, and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Significant interactions between internalizing behavior problems and the coping motive showed that using to cope was associated with a higher number of cannabis dependence symptoms among adolescents reporting lower levels internalizing behavior problems. Findings support the potential utility of conducting further research to explore the coping motive as an important indicator of problematic cannabis use.

%B Psychol Addict Behav %V 25 %P 492-500 %8 2011 Sep %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1037/a0024331